Olivia Hopkins

Related Bios
Olivia Hopkins
11 Olivia Hopkins
  • Hometown:
    Mason, Ohio
  • Position:
    INF
  • Year:
    So.
  • High School:
    Mason
  • Major:
    Education
  • Letters:
    2 (2017, 2018)
  • Bats/Throws:
    R/R
  • gp
    31
  • avg
    .338
  • hr
    5
  • rbi
    23
  • r
    18
  • sb
    4
Bio

2018

Appeared at the plate 85 times through 31 games... From 77 at bats, averaged .338 while batting, slugging .597 for 26 hits on the season and batting in 23 runs... Ripped five home-runs on the season, including three against Ohio Wesleyan, two in game one and another in game two... On-base percentage of .381 led to 46 total bases, four stolen, and scoring 18 runs at home plate.

NCAC Player of the Week (April 30)

2017

Appeared in 36 games... hit .283 in 106 at bats, hit one homerun, stole a team leading 21 bases and collected 13 runs batted in... earned a .392 on-base percentage and a .377 slugging percentage.

High School

Member of the Mason High School softball team, coached by Lian Muff and Dave Bell...2016 second-team all-conference...most-energetic...2016 Best Player (Team chosen award)

Personal

Sue and Mark Hopkins

Player statistics
  Overall Conference
Games 31 10
Plate appearances 85 22
At Bats 77 20
Runs 18 10
Hits 26 13
Doubles 5 1
Triples - -
Home Runs 5 4
Runs Batted In 23 13
Total bases 46 26
Walks 2 1
Hit by pitch 4 1
Strikeouts 11 2
Sacrifice Flies 1 -
Sacrifice Hits 1 -
Hit into double play - -
Stolen Bases 4 1
Caught Stealing 1 -
Batting Average .338 .650
On Base Percentage .381 .682
Slugging Percentage .597 1.300
Recent results
Date Opponent Result
Apr 28 at Hiram W, 13-2
Apr 29 Wooster W, 2-0
Apr 29 Wooster W, 6-4
May 4 Allegheny W, 11-4
May 4 DePauw L, 2-0
May 5 Denison L, 5-4
Date Opponent Score gp ab h rbi bb 2b 3b hr xbh k avg obp slg hbp sf sh hdp go fo go/fo pa
Mar 2 vs. MIT L, 8-0 1 2 1 0 - - - - 0 - .500 .667 .500 1 - - - - 1 - 3
Mar 2 vs. East Tex. Baptist L, 10-1 1 3 1 0 - - - - 0 1 .333 .333 .333 - - - - - - - 3
Mar 3 vs. Moravian W, 19-3 1 4 2 6 - 1 - 1 2 - .500 .600 1.500 1 - - - 2 - - 5
Mar 3 vs. Whitworth L, 1-0 1 4 1 0 - - - - 0 - .250 .250 .250 - - - - 3 - - 4
Mar 4 vs. Wis.-Oshkosh L, 4-3 1 3 0 0 - - - - 0 - .000 .000 .000 - - 1 - 2 2 1.00 4
Mar 4 vs. Linfield L, 5-4 1 4 0 0 - - - - 0 1 .000 .000 .000 - - - - 1 2 0.50 4
Mar 6 vs. St. John Fisher W, 4-3 1 4 1 0 - - - - 0 - .250 .250 .250 - - - - - 3 - 4
Mar 6 vs. Coe L, 7-5 1 3 0 0 - - - - 0 - .000 .250 .000 1 - - - 3 - - 4
Mar 7 vs. Oneonta W, 9-7 1 3 0 0 - - - - 0 1 .000 .000 .000 - - - - 1 1 1.00 3
Mar 7 vs. Central (IA) L, 4-2 1 4 1 0 - - - - 0 - .250 .250 .250 - - - - 1 2 0.50 4
Mar 8 vs. Rockford W, 10-2 1 3 1 1 - - - - 0 - .333 .333 .333 - - - - - 1 - 3
Mar 8 vs. Bethany Lutheran W, 11-0 1 4 1 0 - 1 - - 1 - .250 .250 .500 - - - - - 3 - 4
Mar 17 at Alma W, 12-8 1 4 0 0 - - - - 0 4 .000 .000 .000 - - - - - - - 4
Mar 17 at Alma L, 9-8 1 0 0 0 - - - - 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0
Mar 22 at Otterbein L, 7-0 1 1 0 0 1 - - - 0 1 .000 .500 .000 - - - - - - - 2
Mar 22 at Otterbein L, 4-2 1 0 0 0 - - - - 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0
Mar 23 Thomas More L, 1-0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 Thomas More W, 5-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 31 Allegheny W, 8-0 1 0 0 0 - - - - 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0
Mar 31 Allegheny W, 11-3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 7 vs. Anderson (Ind.) L, 6-4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 7 vs. Buena Vista L, 8-2 1 0 0 0 - - - - 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0
Apr 8 at Ill. Wesleyan W, 4-0 1 0 0 0 - - - - 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0
Apr 8 vs. Buena Vista L, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 10 at Denison L, 6-4 1 1 1 1 - - - - 0 - 1.000 1.000 1.000 - - - - - - - 1
Apr 10 at Denison W, 2-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 13 Kenyon W, 19-0 1 1 0 0 - - - - 0 - .000 .000 .000 - - - - - - - 1
Apr 13 Kenyon W, 12-4 1 0 0 0 - - - - 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0
Apr 15 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 15 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 18 at DePauw W, 7-5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 18 at DePauw W, 8-4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 Oberlin W, 5-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 Oberlin W, 1-0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 24 Wooster - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 24 Wooster - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 25 at Ohio Wesleyan W, 9-4 1 4 2 2 - 1 - 1 2 - .500 .500 1.500 - - - - 2 - - 4
Apr 25 at Ohio Wesleyan W, 10-7 1 4 3 4 - - - 2 2 - .750 .750 2.250 - - - - - 1 - 4
Apr 28 at Hiram W, 13-3 1 2 2 1 - - - - 0 - 1.000 1.000 1.000 1 - - - - - - 3
Apr 28 at Hiram W, 13-2 1 2 1 1 1 - - - 0 1 .500 .667 .500 - - - - - - - 3
Apr 29 Wooster W, 2-0 1 3 2 1 - - - - 0 1 .667 .667 .667 - - - - - - - 3
Apr 29 Wooster W, 6-4 1 3 2 3 - - - 1 1 - .667 .667 1.667 - - - - 1 - - 3
May 4 Allegheny W, 11-4 1 4 2 2 - 1 - - 1 - .500 .500 .750 - - - - - 2 - 4
May 4 DePauw L, 2-0 1 3 2 0 - 1 - - 1 1 .667 .667 1.000 - - - - - - - 3
May 5 Denison L, 5-4 1 4 0 1 - - - - 0 - .000 .000 .000 - 1 - - - 5 - 5
Date Opponent Score gp r tb sb cs
Mar 2 vs. MIT L, 8-0 1 0 1 - -
Mar 2 vs. East Tex. Baptist L, 10-1 1 1 1 1 -
Mar 3 vs. Moravian W, 19-3 1 3 6 - -
Mar 3 vs. Whitworth L, 1-0 1 0 1 - -
Mar 4 vs. Wis.-Oshkosh L, 4-3 1 0 0 - -
Mar 4 vs. Linfield L, 5-4 1 0 0 - -
Mar 6 vs. St. John Fisher W, 4-3 1 1 1 - -
Mar 6 vs. Coe L, 7-5 1 1 0 - -
Mar 7 vs. Oneonta W, 9-7 1 0 0 - -
Mar 7 vs. Central (IA) L, 4-2 1 1 1 - -
Mar 8 vs. Rockford W, 10-2 1 1 1 1 -
Mar 8 vs. Bethany Lutheran W, 11-0 1 0 2 - -
Mar 17 at Alma W, 12-8 1 0 0 - -
Mar 17 at Alma L, 9-8 1 0 0 - -
Mar 22 at Otterbein L, 7-0 1 0 0 - 1
Mar 22 at Otterbein L, 4-2 1 0 0 - -
Mar 23 Thomas More L, 1-0 - - - - -
Mar 23 Thomas More W, 5-1 - - - - -
Mar 31 Allegheny W, 8-0 1 1 0 - -
Mar 31 Allegheny W, 11-3 - - - - -
Apr 4 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - -
Apr 4 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - -
Apr 7 vs. Anderson (Ind.) L, 6-4 - - - - -
Apr 7 vs. Buena Vista L, 8-2 1 0 0 - -
Apr 8 at Ill. Wesleyan W, 4-0 1 0 0 - -
Apr 8 vs. Buena Vista L, 8-2 - - - - -
Apr 10 at Denison L, 6-4 1 0 1 - -
Apr 10 at Denison W, 2-1 - - - - -
Apr 13 Kenyon W, 19-0 1 0 0 - -
Apr 13 Kenyon W, 12-4 1 1 0 - -
Apr 15 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - -
Apr 15 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - -
Apr 18 at DePauw W, 7-5 - - - - -
Apr 18 at DePauw W, 8-4 - - - - -
Apr 21 Oberlin W, 5-1 - - - - -
Apr 21 Oberlin W, 1-0 - - - - -
Apr 24 Wooster - - - - -
Apr 24 Wooster - - - - -
Apr 25 at Ohio Wesleyan W, 9-4 1 2 6 - -
Apr 25 at Ohio Wesleyan W, 10-7 1 2 9 - -
Apr 28 at Hiram W, 13-3 1 2 2 1 -
Apr 28 at Hiram W, 13-2 1 1 1 - -
Apr 29 Wooster W, 2-0 1 0 2 - -
Apr 29 Wooster W, 6-4 1 1 5 - -
May 4 Allegheny W, 11-4 1 0 3 1 -
May 4 DePauw L, 2-0 1 0 3 - -
May 5 Denison L, 5-4 1 0 0 - -
Date Opponent Score gp w l ip h r er era k k/7 hr whip
Mar 2 vs. MIT L, 8-0 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 2 vs. East Tex. Baptist L, 10-1 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 3 vs. Moravian W, 19-3 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 3 vs. Whitworth L, 1-0 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 4 vs. Wis.-Oshkosh L, 4-3 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 4 vs. Linfield L, 5-4 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 6 vs. St. John Fisher W, 4-3 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 6 vs. Coe L, 7-5 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 7 vs. Oneonta W, 9-7 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 7 vs. Central (IA) L, 4-2 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 8 vs. Rockford W, 10-2 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 8 vs. Bethany Lutheran W, 11-0 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 17 at Alma W, 12-8 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 17 at Alma L, 9-8 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 22 at Otterbein L, 7-0 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 22 at Otterbein L, 4-2 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 23 Thomas More L, 1-0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 Thomas More W, 5-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 31 Allegheny W, 8-0 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Mar 31 Allegheny W, 11-3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 7 vs. Anderson (Ind.) L, 6-4 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 7 vs. Buena Vista L, 8-2 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Apr 8 at Ill. Wesleyan W, 4-0 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Apr 8 vs. Buena Vista L, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 10 at Denison L, 6-4 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Apr 10 at Denison W, 2-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 13 Kenyon W, 19-0 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Apr 13 Kenyon W, 12-4 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Apr 15 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 15 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 18 at DePauw W, 7-5 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 18 at DePauw W, 8-4 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 Oberlin W, 5-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 Oberlin W, 1-0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 24 Wooster - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 24 Wooster - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 25 at Ohio Wesleyan W, 9-4 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Apr 25 at Ohio Wesleyan W, 10-7 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Apr 28 at Hiram W, 13-3 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Apr 28 at Hiram W, 13-2 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Apr 29 Wooster W, 2-0 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Apr 29 Wooster W, 6-4 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
May 4 Allegheny W, 11-4 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
May 4 DePauw L, 2-0 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
May 5 Denison L, 5-4 1 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - .00 - -
Date Opponent Score gp tc po a e pb f% dp sba rcs rcs% ci
Mar 2 vs. MIT L, 8-0 1 4 1 2 1 - .750 - - - - -
Mar 2 vs. East Tex. Baptist L, 10-1 1 3 1 2 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Mar 3 vs. Moravian W, 19-3 1 1 1 0 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Mar 3 vs. Whitworth L, 1-0 1 4 1 3 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Mar 4 vs. Wis.-Oshkosh L, 4-3 1 5 4 1 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Mar 4 vs. Linfield L, 5-4 1 2 1 1 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Mar 6 vs. St. John Fisher W, 4-3 1 5 1 3 1 - .800 - - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Coe L, 7-5 1 4 3 1 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Oneonta W, 9-7 1 4 1 3 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Central (IA) L, 4-2 1 4 0 4 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Mar 8 vs. Rockford W, 10-2 1 1 0 1 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Mar 8 vs. Bethany Lutheran W, 11-0 1 3 2 1 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Mar 17 at Alma W, 12-8 1 9 0 6 3 - .667 - - - - -
Mar 17 at Alma L, 9-8 1 4 1 1 2 - .500 - - - - -
Mar 22 at Otterbein L, 7-0 1 2 0 1 1 - .500 - - - - -
Mar 22 at Otterbein L, 4-2 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 23 Thomas More L, 1-0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 Thomas More W, 5-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 31 Allegheny W, 8-0 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 31 Allegheny W, 11-3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 4 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 7 vs. Anderson (Ind.) L, 6-4 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 7 vs. Buena Vista L, 8-2 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 8 at Ill. Wesleyan W, 4-0 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 8 vs. Buena Vista L, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 10 at Denison L, 6-4 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 10 at Denison W, 2-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 13 Kenyon W, 19-0 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 13 Kenyon W, 12-4 1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 15 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 15 at Ohio Wesleyan - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 18 at DePauw W, 7-5 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 18 at DePauw W, 8-4 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 Oberlin W, 5-1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 21 Oberlin W, 1-0 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 24 Wooster - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 24 Wooster - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 25 at Ohio Wesleyan W, 9-4 1 3 1 1 1 - .667 - - - - -
Apr 25 at Ohio Wesleyan W, 10-7 1 5 2 3 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Apr 28 at Hiram W, 13-3 1 1 0 1 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Apr 28 at Hiram W, 13-2 1 2 0 2 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Apr 29 Wooster W, 2-0 1 2 1 1 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
Apr 29 Wooster W, 6-4 1 4 2 2 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
May 4 Allegheny W, 11-4 1 4 4 0 0 - 1.000 - - - - -
May 4 DePauw L, 2-0 1 6 2 3 1 - .833 - - - - -
May 5 Denison L, 5-4 1 9 1 6 2 - .778 - - - - -
gp ab h rbi bb 2b 3b hr xbh k avg obp slg hbp sf sh hdp go fo go/fo pa
2016-17 36 106 30 13 16 7 - 1 8 21 .283 .392 .377 3 - 5 - 27 25 1.08 130
2017-18 31 77 26 23 2 5 - 5 10 11 .338 .381 .597 4 1 1 - 16 23 0.70 85
Total 67 183 56 36 18 12 - 6 18 32 .306 .388 .470 7 1 6 - 43 48 0.90 215
gp r tb sb cs
2016-17 36 28 40 21 1
2017-18 31 18 46 4 1
Total 67 46 86 25 2
era w l app gs sv ip h r er bb k k/7 hr whip bf wp hbp
2016-17 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
2017-18 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
Total 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
gp tc po a e pb f% dp sba rcs rcs% ci
2016-17 36 170 52 105 13 - .924 2 - - - -
2017-18 31 91 30 49 12 - .868 - - - - -
Total 67 261 82 154 25 - .904 2 - - - -
gp ab h rbi bb 2b 3b hr xbh k avg obp slg hbp sf sh hdp go fo go/fo pa
Event
Total 31 77 26 23 2 5 - 5 10 11 .338 .381 .597 4 1 1 - 16 23 0.70 85
Conference 10 20 13 13 1 1 - 4 5 2 .650 .682 1.300 1 - - - 3 1 3.00 22
Exhibition - - - - - - - - 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0
Location
Home 8 18 8 7 - 2 - 1 3 2 .444 .421 .722 - 1 - - 1 7 0.14 19
Away 10 18 9 9 2 1 - 3 4 6 .500 .571 1.056 1 - - - 2 1 2.00 21
Neutral 13 41 9 7 - 2 - 1 3 3 .220 .273 .341 3 - 1 - 13 15 0.87 45
Result
Wins 17 45 19 21 1 4 - 5 9 7 .422 .458 .844 2 - - - 6 11 0.55 48
Losses 14 32 7 2 1 1 - - 1 4 .219 .278 .250 2 1 1 - 10 12 0.83 37
Month
March 17 46 9 7 1 2 - 1 3 8 .196 .260 .304 3 - 1 - 13 15 0.87 51
April 11 20 13 13 1 1 - 4 5 2 .650 .682 1.300 1 - - - 3 1 3.00 22
May 3 11 4 3 - 2 - - 2 1 .364 .333 .545 - 1 - - - 7 - 12
gp r tb sb cs
Event
Total 31 18 46 4 1
Conference 10 10 26 1 -
Exhibition - - 0 - -
Location
Home 8 3 13 1 -
Away 10 7 19 1 1
Neutral 13 8 14 2 -
Result
Wins 17 15 38 3 -
Losses 14 3 8 1 1
Month
March 17 9 14 2 1
April 11 9 26 1 -
May 3 0 6 1 -
era w l app gs sv ip h r er bb k k/7 hr whip bf wp hbp
Event
Total 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
Conference 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
Exhibition 0.00 - - - - - 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
Location
Home 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
Away 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
Neutral 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
Result
Wins 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
Losses 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
Month
March 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
April 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
May 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - - 0 .00 - - - - -
gp tc po a e pb f% dp sba rcs rcs% ci
Event
Total 31 91 30 49 12 - .868 - - - - -
Conference 10 17 6 10 1 - .941 - - - - -
Exhibition - 0 - - - - - - - - - -
Location
Home 8 25 10 12 3 - .880 - - - - -
Away 10 26 4 15 7 - .731 - - - - -
Neutral 13 40 16 22 2 - .950 - - - - -
Result
Wins 17 44 15 24 5 - .886 - - - - -
Losses 14 47 15 25 7 - .851 - - - - -
Month
March 17 55 17 30 8 - .855 - - - - -
April 11 17 6 10 1 - .941 - - - - -
May 3 19 7 9 3 - .842 - - - - -